Smartphones may be driving the world’s collapsing birth rate
· Citizen
Smartphones seem to be directly linked to a worldwide crash in the birth rate.
It is “quite plausible that the modern digital media environment has had profound effects on society that have led to a decline in romantic coupling”, said Melissa Kearney, professor of economics at the University of Notre Dame.
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She has to talk that way, being an academic, but what she means is that people are doomscrolling, not copulating. That’s old news, but the evidence for it is more impressive because it is data-based.
That’s what we have social scientists for and John Burn-Murdoch, a columnist with the Financial Times, realised you could quantify the data if you talk to enough of them. So he did, and learned the big drop in the birth rate happened precisely when people got smartphones.
Not every country adopted smartphones at the same time: 2007 was the year they were rolled out across the richer countries of the West and by three years later, 34% of British people and 27% of American people had one.
Now it’s 95% plus in both countries. The birth rate was stable in countries like the US, the UK and Australia in the early 2000s, but in 2007, it dropped in all those countries.
If that was the only evidence, you could write it off as a coincidence, but the phones did not arrive everywhere at the same time. They reached France and Poland two years after that and middle-income countries like Mexico and Indonesia three years later, in 2012.
They finally became commonplace in Africa in 2013-15 and in every case, there is a steep, permanent drop in the regional birth rate at exactly that point. That is a fact, which is easy enough to understand.
Why it is happening is open to interpretation, but demographer Lyman Stone of the Institute for Family Studies points out that “to meet a person you’re going to marry requires filtering through a lot of people. If you socialise much less, it takes you much longer to find a match, if you find one at all”.
That’s the key factor, in the view of Nathan Hudson and Hernan Moscoso-Boedo of the University of Cincinnati. Young people now spend less time socialising with their peers in person than any preceding generation.
In South Korea, which has the lowest birth rate of all, young adult in-person socialising has halved in 20 years. Blame the phones.
In the midst of all this, most young men and women still report wanting two children. Moreover, women who do have children, at least in high-income countries, are having as many as ever.
But a soaring number of women are having no children at all. There are many other factors in play, of course: the unavailability/unaffordability of housing that forces many people in their 20s to live with their parents, the unrealistic expectations promoted by online influencers, even the growing scarcity of entry-level jobs.
But the most persuasive is phones, phones, phones. So, if that’s our future, at least for the next few generations, how do we cope with it?
The world’s population was only one billion at the time of the American and French Revolutions, a little over 200 years ago. It had doubled to two billion by 1927, doubled again to four billion by 1974, and once again to eight billion three years ago.
And here’s the thing: at no point in this long climb did anyone look around and say: “Why are there so few of us?” All those enormously different population densities seemed entirely natural and normal to most of the people who lived in those eras.
The natural world certainly felt the heavy impact of those numbers, but people not so much. With good management, it needn’t feel any more disruptive on the way back down.